Mount Kilimanjaro, located in northern Tanzania near the Kenya border, stands at 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above sea level, making it the tallest mountain in Africa and the highest free-standing mountain in the world. This dormant stratovolcano is composed of three cones Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira and offers a unique trekking experience through multiple climate zones, from lush rainforest to arctic summit. Despite its height, Kilimanjaro is considered a “walkable” mountain, meaning no technical climbing skills are required. However, reaching the summit still demands solid physical fitness, proper acclimatization, and mental preparation.
Main Kilimanjaro Routes
Kilimanjaro has several routes to the summit. Each offers different scenery, difficulty levels, and acclimatization profiles.
- Marangu Route (“Coca-Cola Route”)
The Marangu Route, known as the “Coca-Cola Route”, is the oldest and most popular path up Mount Kilimanjaro. Covering 72 km (45 miles) round trip, it typically takes 5 to 6 days and offers hut accommodations, making it ideal for beginners. Starting at Marangu Gate (1,860 m), it ascends through Mandara, Horombo, and Kibo Huts, leading to the summit at Uhuru Peak (5,895 m). The same trail is used for descent. While the route is non-technical and well-maintained, its fast ascent can lead to altitude sickness. The 6-day option improves acclimatization and summit success.
2. Machame Route (“Whiskey Route”)
The Machame Route, known as the “Whiskey Route,” is a scenic and popular trail on Mount Kilimanjaro, spanning approximately 62 kilometers (37 miles). Starting at Machame Gate (1,800m) and ending at Mweka Gate (1,640m), it typically takes 6–7 days to complete. This route is more challenging than Marangu, featuring steeper paths and longer hiking days, but offers excellent acclimatization through its “climb high, sleep low” approach. Trekkers camp along the way, enhancing the wilderness experience. Despite its difficulty, it boasts a high summit success rate, making it ideal for adventurous first-time climbers seeking both challenge and reward.
3. Lemosho Route
The Lemosho Route is a scenic and less crowded trail on Mount Kilimanjaro, starting at Londorossi Gate on the western side and ending at Mweka Gate. Covering approximately 70 kilometers (43 miles), it typically takes 7–8 days to complete. This longer itinerary allows excellent acclimatization, increasing summit success rates. The route merges with the Machame Route near Lava Tower, offering varied landscapes from rainforest to alpine desert. It’s rated as moderate in difficulty, making it suitable for fit beginners seeking a rewarding adventure with beautiful views and a gradual ascent to Uhuru Peak, the highest point in Africa.
4. Rongai Route
The Rongai Route is the only path that starts from the northern side of Mount Kilimanjaro, near the Kenyan border. It begins at the Rongai Gate and ends at the Uhuru Peak, descending via the Marangu Route. Covering approximately 72 kilometers (45 miles), it offers a gradual ascent, making it suitable for beginners. The route is less crowded and receives less rainfall, making it ideal during the wet season. However, it is considered less scenic than the western routes. Despite this, its solitude and steady incline make it a favored option for trekkers seeking a quieter and more manageable climb.
5. Northern Circuit Route
The Northern Circuit Route is the longest and newest path around the mount Kilimanjaro, covering approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles). It begins at Londorossi Gate and loops fully around the mountain before the final ascent to Uhuru Peak, ending at Mweka Gate. The trek is moderately to highly difficult due to its length and varied terrain, including steep climbs and uneven trails. However, the extended duration provides excellent acclimatization, reducing altitude sickness risk and increasing summit success rates. Ideal for experienced hikers with extra time, this route offers an immersive wilderness experience through diverse landscapes and stunning panoramic views.
6. Shira Route
The Shira Route on Mount Kilimanjaro begins at around 3,500 meters, higher than the Lemosho Route, starting at the Shira Gate. This shorter acclimatization time makes it more challenging for beginners due to increased risk of altitude sickness. The trek covers approximately 60 kilometers over 7–8 days, passing through stunning moorland and alpine desert landscapes. The trail culminates at Uhuru Peak, the summit at 5,895 meters. While the route offers breathtaking scenery and a less crowded path, it demands good physical fitness and some prior high-altitude trekking experience to safely manage the rapid elevation gain.
7. Umbwe Route
The Umbwe Route is the steepest and most direct path to the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro. It covers approximately 37 kilometers (23 miles) from the starting point at Umbwe Gate (1,780m) to the summit at Uhuru Peak (5,895m). This route is very physically demanding due to its steep terrain and rapid altitude gain, offering poor acclimatization, which increases the risk of altitude sickness. The trail passes through dense rainforest and rocky landscapes before reaching alpine desert and the summit crater. Due to its difficulty and low success rate, the Umbwe Route is not recommended for beginners or those with limited high-altitude experience.
How to Choose the Best Route on Mount Kilimanjaro Trekking (For Beginners)
When choosing a route, consider your fitness level, budget, comfort with camping, and the amount of time you have.
- Choose Machame or Lemosho for a good balance of scenery, acclimatization, and success rates.
- Go for Marangu if you prefer sleeping in huts and a shorter trip.
- If you can spare more time and want the best chance of summit success, choose the Northern Circuit.
What to Pack
Proper gear is crucial for safety and comfort on the mount Kilimanjaro.
Must-Have Items:
- Waterproof hiking boots: Comfort and ankle support are essential; wear them before your trip.
- Layered clothing system: Helps you adjust to changing weather and altitude. Use:
- Base layers (moisture-wicking)
- Insulation layers (fleece or down)
- Waterproof outer layers (jacket and pants)
- Gloves and socks: Thermal gloves and extra socks for warmth.
- Headlamp: Essential for summit night, when you begin your final ascent in the dark.
- Trekking poles: Reduce strain on knees and help with balance.
- Hydration gear: Water bottles or hydration bladder dehydration is a risk at high altitudes.
- Sleeping bag: Rated for sub-zero temperatures (-10°C or colder).
- Sunglasses and sunscreen: UV rays are stronger at altitude.
- Daypack: For daily essentials (snacks, water, jacket, camera).
- Duffel bag: Carried by porters, holds the rest of your gear.
Physical Preparation for Mount Kilimanjaro Climbing (Why It Matters)
Kilimanjaro is a trek, not a technical climb but it’s still physically demanding. The biggest challenge is altitude, not distance. Training helps your body cope with long days and lower oxygen levels.
Training Tips:
- Cardio: Hiking, running, swimming, or cycling 3–4 times per week
- Stairs/incline walking: Builds leg strength and mimics the trek
- Weekend hikes: Practice hiking with a daypack and trekking poles
Best Time to Climb Mount Kilimanjaro (With Seasonal Advice)
Best Seasons:
- January to mid-March: Warm and clear, with some snow on the summit
- June to October: Dry, cool, and very popular with climbers
Final Tips for Success
- Go slow and steady – this is the best way to acclimatize
- Drink lots of water
- Eat well even if you lose your appetite
- Keep a positive mindset – mental strength helps a lot
- Enjoy the journey, not just the summit
